Is the ceation of israel justified Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Is the ceation of israel defended - Essay Example This turned out poorly with the Arabs and this is the contributing variable in the insecurity in the Middle East. Both the Israeli and the Arabs keep up that they have a legitimate motivation to claim their present involved land with numerous contentions on the responsibility for Gaza strip and West bank. The Israeli, then again, have chosen to parcel their region, which the Palestine unequivocally feels, is a genuine infringement into their territory, this is following expanded bombarding assaults from the Palestine part. Then again, the Palestinians have firmly restricted the development of the parcel divider asserting that its development will frustrate their schedule over the land and have engaged the UN to stop the development. Indeed, even with the relentless war over the responsibility for challenged domains, there have been various ineffective endeavors to discover an answer strategically to the issue in the Middle East. be that as it may, the non-coordinating accomplices hav e baffled them with regards to trading off for an answer for be figured it out. The Perspective of the Israeli on the Formation of the Jews State The Jews firmly accepted that the arrangement of the Israeli state was defended and that they merited it. ... s are utilized by the Jews to attest their control of the Israeli State; The Holocaust This is one of the defense that the Jews are utilizing to clarify their rationales behind the formation of the Israeli state. The holocaust was a period preceding the flare-up of the Second World War; it was managed by the Germany despot, Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. During this time, around 6,000,000 Jews were killed in one of the most exceedingly awful destructions on the planet history. The Jews confronted restriction by the Germans and through the request given by Hitler, they should be dispensed with and cleared out of presence. This mass homicide saw around 66% of the 9,000,000 Jews in Europe killed, in the breakdown of the mistreatment; around one million youngsters, 2,000,000 ladies, and 3,000,000 men of the Jews inception were executed in the methodical state supported slaughtering. On account of the unendurable circumstance in Europe, the Jews had no alternative however to consider re turning to the land they involved long time yet the Arabs at that point involved it. So as to understand this, they utilized the British nearness in the Middle East to make a rebound in the wake of escaping the across the board mistreatment that was appointed by Hitler in Europe. For the Jews returning to involve the current Israel State is therefore an instance of returning to possess a land that they had relinquished. Given the way that even the Arabs (the Palestinian) in the land are additionally not the genuine proprietors of the land, they guarantee that there is no preferable vagrant over the other is. They accept that similarly as the Arabs reserve the privilege to live in the zone, they additionally have equivalent right. They recently involved the land before dispersing everywhere throughout the world, and the Israeli utilize this to delegitimize the cases by the Arabs that they have attacked the

How does The Aeneid confirm values that Polybius described as the Essay

How does The Aeneid affirm values that Polybius portrayed as the wellsprings of Roman enormity or achievement - Essay Example At that point, there was additionally continuous mix and retention of vanquished individuals into Rome. Ultimately, they made a continuous extension until they arrived at their fringes. Polybius was a Greek student of history who moved into Rome after the expelling of Greeks into Italy. He was in this manner ready to move to the Roman circles and witness significant battles in the Mediterranean district. This gave him an extraordinary chance to dissect the standards past the Roman incredible achievement. So as to be fruitful, Rome stayed away from the way of life of oppression by having a blended constitution in which in a solitary state there are three types of government which remember the government for type of chose officials, nobility spoke to by the senate and majority rules system in type of mainstream gatherings (Phiz). The desire and HR of Rome were developing simultaneously. This made the administration hard to challenge for quite a long time. Thus Rome sorted out its arrangements well and built up a security complex which would empower it take free of every one of its aggressors. The different achievement factors for the Roman Empire were destiny, assurance destiny and benevolence with respect to its pioneers. It will not be right to overlook the way that Rome had exceptionally extraordinary maritime boats and solid naval force staff who could cross numerous areas and put them under their bondage. Now and again they even depended on remote soldiers of fortune particularly when they were managing abroad nations. The Aeneid is the Roman epic sonnet which discusses the establishing legends of the Roman Empire. One such legend is Augustus a title given to Octavian connoting a friend in need who had carried harmony to Rome by consummation common war. The Aeneid presents numerous equals to the ascent to intensity of Augustus for example the common war, the annihilation of the Troy, the wanderings of the Aeneas, pulverization of the republic lastly the formation of harmony in the nation. The Aeneid is in this manner an ace Augustan publicity since Virgil utilizes it for purposeful publicity about roman legends to come and

February updates

February updates Hello! I wanted to take this opportunity to provide an update on the admissions process. We have received approximately 15,600 applications for freshman admission this year. As you can see on the admissions statistics page, this represents an increase of more than 2,000 applications; this is a record number. With so many excellent applicants this year, it will be hard to choose. We have begun selection committee meetings. Thus, it is too late for any supplemental materials to be considered by the selection committee. However, an admissions officer will continue to review anything you send in as a supplement. I think it is important to remember, however, that if you have completed your application, we have everything that we need to make a decision on your case. The Application Tracking System on MyMIT is no longer available. We are still processing midyear grades. If we are missing your midyear grades, and they have not yet been processed, and we have a question about your academic performance, we will be calling your school to get them. For other students whose grades have been consistent, we will make a decision on the case; when the midyear grades later come in, we will review them, and the decision will be reviewed if there is an aberration in the midyears. At this time, due to the continued processing of midyear grades, calling to check on the status of your midyear grade report is not necessary. We do no yet have a set date for the release of admissions decisions. When we know, I promise you we will announce that date here on the website. We are aiming for mid-March but there is not yet a target date. Admissions decisions will be available exclusively online. I hope this update is helpful!

February updates

February updates Hello! I wanted to take this opportunity to provide an update on the admissions process. We have received approximately 15,600 applications for freshman admission this year. As you can see on the admissions statistics page, this represents an increase of more than 2,000 applications; this is a record number. With so many excellent applicants this year, it will be hard to choose. We have begun selection committee meetings. Thus, it is too late for any supplemental materials to be considered by the selection committee. However, an admissions officer will continue to review anything you send in as a supplement. I think it is important to remember, however, that if you have completed your application, we have everything that we need to make a decision on your case. The Application Tracking System on MyMIT is no longer available. We are still processing midyear grades. If we are missing your midyear grades, and they have not yet been processed, and we have a question about your academic performance, we will be calling your school to get them. For other students whose grades have been consistent, we will make a decision on the case; when the midyear grades later come in, we will review them, and the decision will be reviewed if there is an aberration in the midyears. At this time, due to the continued processing of midyear grades, calling to check on the status of your midyear grade report is not necessary. We do no yet have a set date for the release of admissions decisions. When we know, I promise you we will announce that date here on the website. We are aiming for mid-March but there is not yet a target date. Admissions decisions will be available exclusively online. I hope this update is helpful!

Deaf Culture History Essay - 2085 Words

The deaf community does not see their hearing impairment as a disability but as a culture which includes a history of discrimination, racial prejudice, and segregation. According to PBS home video â€Å"Through Deaf Eyes,† there are thirty-five million Americans that are hard of hearing (Hott, Garey et al., 2007) . Out of the thirty-five million an estimated 300,000 people are completely deaf. There are over ninety percent of deaf people who have hearing parents. Also, most deaf parents have hearing children. With this being the exemplification, deaf people communicate on a more intimate and significant level with hearing people all their lives. â€Å"Deaf people can be found in every ethnic group, every region, and every economic class.† The†¦show more content†¦Clec was from the Paris Institution for the Deaf and had been deaf since infancy. He bought to the United States a nonverbal form of communication known as French sign language. The technique that Cl erc taught was by the use of his hands, which he communicated with French sign language, blended with a bit of signs used by students in the United States. To Gallaudet the language was a inspiration which he called it, â€Å"Highly poetical,† but to Clerc and many of the deaf people, the using of sign was natural and useful. This was a result of a created acculturated nonverbal language known as American Sign Language (ASL). As new schools for the deaf spread west and south, American sign language also evolved as well in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois. By the year of 1864, Abraham Lincoln signed a law constituting the first college in the world for deaf students called Gallaudet University and all these schools used sign as a curriculum. By April of 1871, a Scottish immigrant named, Alexander Graham Bell (founder of the telephone), laid a foundation for teaching deaf children in Boston. Bell had a deaf mother and wife, and was always involved with the Deaf community. According to Baynton, â€Å"Bell thought that signing prevented deaf people from learning to speak, so he was against deaf people using sign, their natural language.† Bell also hadShow MoreRelatedThe Deaf President Now Movement And Subsequent Gallaudet University Protest Affect Deaf Community1656 Words   |  7 Pages Extended Essay Draft Elisabeth Durgan May 2015 Thesis: â€Å"To what extent did the ‘Deaf President Now’ movement and subsequent Gallaudet University protest affect the Deaf community in America?† Table of Contents â€Æ' Introduction: The Deaf President Now movement and Gallaudet University protestRead MoreDeaf Perceptions Of The Deaf1510 Words   |  7 PagesDeaf Perceptions of Animacy Deaf culture has long been misunderstood and misrepresented within America, in part due to the significant language barrier between the American Deaf and their hearing counterparts. Though it is often thought to be nothing more than an elevated form of charades, American Sign Language (ASL) is a language like any other- not only with its own grammatical syntax, phonology, and morphology, but also in its compliance to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Created by Edward SapirRead MoreSigns Of The Deaf Community Sign Language1279 Words   |  6 Pagescommunicate with each other. However, despite its huge impact on the deaf community Sign Language still has some room for improvement. Just like other languages though, there isn’t just one form of sign language. There are many types and variations of sign language based on environment and location. But the most commonly used and most commonly heard of would be American Sign Language or ASL for short. For the purpose of this essay, weâ⠂¬â„¢ll be discussing American Sign Language. Sign Language dates allRead MoreThe History Of The United States And Forever Changed The History Of State Of Texas Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesErastus â€Å"Deaf† Smith I chose to write this essay on a famous deaf person that completely changed the history of the United States and forever changed the history of the state of Texas. This Deaf man could moreover be singly part of the only reason the Texans do not speak fluent Spanish as their first language that was born in the early part of 18th century. The reason I chose this individual is because of my intrigue of American history, moreover, through my research I found that he introducedRead MoreChloe Ziff . Professor Gary Rosenblatt. April 13, 2017.991 Words   |  4 PagesSeeing Voices is a book that delves into the history of Sign Language and expresses a genuine meaning behind what language truly is.   Oliver Sacks is an engaging and fascinating writer. Being able to explore outside what he is used to, he can expand his knowledge about language. Being knowledgeable on psychiatry can help him get a better understanding of cognitive ability in the deaf community and the importance of why k eeping  Sign Language away from Deaf children is not beneficial for them in theRead MoreThe Problem Of Deaf Culture1434 Words   |  6 PagesDeaf culture is a way to start this essay. Most people, when they think of deafness, assume that it is nothing more than a disability. This is erroneous because defining what deaf really means, means looking past the definition and looking into the heart of a deaf person, to see equality among us all. Equality among humans isn t controversial, but what is? Cochlear Implantation is controversial. Inserting an internal disruption of the deaf culture is controversial. Placing an electronic device inRead MoreVictim from Birth Deaf Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesEng 1a 5-23-13 Essay #1 In the article â€Å"Victims from birth† Wendy McElroy, ifeminists.com, is about Sharon Duchesneau and her deaf son named Gauvin. Duchesneau, being a lesbian, selected a sperm donor(along with her partner Candace McCullough). Duchesneau and McCullough are also deaf. The donor they selected was based on his family history of deafness to insure their son Gauvin would also be deaf. Duchesneau goes on to say that Gauvin â€Å"is not profoundly deaf†¦ but deaf enough† (McElroy 1). GauvinRead MoreThe Effect Of Music On Deaf Culture And How Has The Music Industry Progressed Through Providing For The Hearing Impaired3881 Words   |  16 PagesOxford SAE 501: Written Assignment A written essay on WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC EDUCATION IN DEAF CULTURE AND HOW HAS THE MUSIC INDUSTRY PROGRESSED IN PROVIDING FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED. Jude Menezes 17970 ADHE0914 Assignment code WA BA/BSc (Hons) Audio Production 13 August 2015 Word count: 4079 Module Leader/Lecturer: Marc Rose ABSTRACT: The purpose of this essay is to examine, the notion of music being a part of a deaf individual’s life may seem contradictory, but thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Deaf People3235 Words   |  13 PagesINTRODUCTION : Ever wonder if deaf people can listen to music and enjoy it as much as hearing people do? Well the outcome is certainly surprising, as deaf people cannot listen but perceive music in much more deeper and meaningful ways because they  can  feel the core vibrations, hence allowing them to  feel the rhythm of  music and enjoy it just like hearing people do. The perception of the musical vibrations by the  Deaf  is likely every bit as real as the equivalent sounds, since they are ultimatelyRead MoreRelationship Between Language And Culture1678 Words   |  7 PagesLanguage in Culture The relationship between language and culture is as old as mankind itself. Throughout the centuries, people and their living practices have evolved, resulting in wide-reaching changes in socialite culture. According to many individuals around the world, language is one of the epitomes of life, a source of connection to or divorce from the face of public. Anyone who has had to navigate through the plethora tongues around the world knows that the revelations of the Tower of Babel

Importance of Financial Analysis - 692 Words

Financial analysis is an important aspect in maintaining a successful business. Analysis, when done properly allows a company to better pinpoint problem aspects of the business. The company can then take corrective action to alleviate or mitigate the problem aspects of the business. Aspects such as return on assets, return on equity, net income, and the quick ratio are all aspects needed to help the business function properly. Depending on the nature of the business, each metric will vary in its importance. For example, a highly capital intensive business relying on large amounts of fixed assets, may want to know the return they are getting from those assets. Likewise, a startup firm would be very interesting in its ability to pay off current debts in a timely and orderly fashion. As such the quick ration will take priority. In regards to running and maintaining a business however, I believe the three most important financial analysis tools are return on assets, profit margins, and c urrent assets. Financial computations from the finance office will allow investors to ascertain the actual position of the business. One of the most widely financial computations used is that of ROA. It is a strong profitability ratio because of its relation to both the profit margin and asset turnover. ROA helps show how well the company controls its costs and how efficient they are in utilizing their resources. For example an ROA of .44 indicates that the company is receiving $.44 for everyShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Financial Analysis1671 Words   |  7 PagesIt is important to develop unique visitors that visit our site. Not only will we need to attract them to the site, but we should be trying to get them to spend more time on the site and direct them to make contact with one or more providers. The importance of this can be seen in bounce rates, as mentioned earlier. It’s not just about the number of visitors, but the number that become actively involved in the content. The final and most important success factor is conversions. In order for providersRead MoreThe Importance Of Financial Analysis1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe financial analysis has been done and on the basis of NPV and IRR projections we accept the project because NPV is positive at 15% nominal rate of return and the IRR is 64% without Anna’s concerns and IRR is 51% with regard to her concerns. So, we accept the project because in both the situations, the project seems acceptable and profitable. Annual Net present value with IRR or not in sheet 1 is positive, which shows that it is a good idea to continue the project due to the net cash flows areRead MoreEvaluation Of Financial Position And Performance Of Uk Banking Sector1163 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluation of Financial Position and Performance of UK Banking Sector with Respect to Liquidity and Profitability Research Background: Several research studies have done not only about the importance of performance evaluation (financial and non financial) of banks but also for the impact of analysis to the economy and various stakeholder groups. Generally the financial performance of banks and other financial institutions has been measured using a combination of financial ratio analysis, measuring performanceRead MoreHeading : Fundamental Analysis And Analysis Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesHeading: Fundamental Analysis URL: http://www.avatrade.com/resources/fundamental-analysis Content Additions/Changes †¢ Add a â€Å"Softer† introduction; include statement that addresses AvaTrade, along with referring to the nature of the following â€Å"Guide†. †¢ Add {Fundamental Analysis Defined}, use â€Å"When doing fundamental analysis, a trader studies the overall state of the economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  paragraph as a lead-in. †¢ Change â€Å"Why do Fundamental Analysis† to â€Å"Why conduct Fundamental Analysis† †¢ â€Å"Some of the world’sRead MoreUses Of Financial Statements : A Profit And Loss Account959 Words   |  4 PagesUses of Financial Statements Income Statements Also referred to as a Profit and Loss (PL) statement, income statements illustrate a company’s revenues and expense, operating and non-operating income and expense, which is generated and incurred within an accounting period. â€Å"The analysis of income can create a picture of the quality of operations in the composed profit and loss account period† (Jeletic, 2012, pg. 325). In addition, income statements also inform external users of net profits or lossesRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis-Questions (1)1087 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- BBA 4201: Financial Statement Analysis amp; Control 1. Describe some of the analytical uses to which financial statement analysis can be put. 2. What are the sources of financial information? 3. Who are the users of financial statements? 4. What are the objectives of financial statements? 5. What are the limitations of financial statement analysis? 6. Discuss the need for comparative analysis. 7. Identify the tools of financial statement analysis. 8. Explain andRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis-Questions (1)1097 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- BBA 4201: Financial Statement Analysis amp; Control 1. Describe some of the analytical uses to which financial statement analysis can be put. 2. What are the sources of financial information? 3. Who are the users of financial statements? 4. What are the objectives of financial statements? 5. What are the limitations of financial statement analysis? 6. Discuss the need for comparative analysis. 7. Identify the tools of financial statement analysis. 8. ExplainRead MoreRole of Financial Statements in Decision Making1634 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: ASESSMENT OF CREDIT RISK IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT THE ABSTRACT This proposal study explores financial credit risk assessment. This is an important issue because there is currently no standardized method used by financial institutions for the assessment of credit risk. There are needs for a critical evaluation of the most popular credit risk assessment methods such as the judgmental method, credit-scoring and portfolio models along with limitations used. Survey interview process is neededRead MoreThe Matching Concept of Smith Company667 Words   |  3 Pagesexpense $24,350 Insurance $1,400 Marketing $4,500 Property taxes $8,900 Rent $18,000 Salaries $67,500 Utilities $6,700 $131,350 N/P ($4,850) Workings C.O.G.S $234,000 Add back closing stock $45,500 $279,500 The Matching Concept: Its Importance The matching principle in the words of Nikolai, Bazley and Jones (2009) states that to determine the income of a company for an accounting period, the company computes the total expenses involved in obtaining the revenues of the period and relatesRead MoreFinancial Issues Affecting Kenyatta Market Women Entrepreneurs Of Nairobi962 Words   |  4 PagesFINANCIAL ISSUES AFFECTING KENYATTA MARKET WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF NAIROBI, KENYA 1. Introduction i. Background Information According to Creighton Yieke (2006), women in Kenya constitute a subordinate, disadvantaged and muted group who are routinely treated as inferior and who face coerced sex, harmful cultural practices, stigma and discrimination. Their inferior legal status in relation to marriage inheritance, guardianship, property ownership, places them in disadvantaged position economically

Essay about American Financial Crisis - 1939 Words

The US Financial System: A Crumbling Empire The financial system has been crucial to the role of free enterprise. â€Å"Financial markets have come to supply non-financial corporations with mechanisms for managing their risks and for comparing and evaluating diverse investment opportunities in a highly complex global economy† (Cindin, 2008). â€Å"However, despite the lifetimes it took to build our financial institutions, bad luck and careless risk management have jeopardized careers and mortgaged these institutions’ futures†(Wallace, 2008). The nation is currently attempting to deal with the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. It is now imperative that a way be found which will re-regulate finance without undermining finance’s†¦show more content†¦This is the result of commercial and investment banks lending vast sums for housing purchases and consumer loans to borrowers who are ill-equipped to repay. As consumers begin to default on their loans, banks are realizing the h orrendous fact that they have no tangible cash to carry out business procedures. These profound errors in risk management are taking disastrous tolls on the economy. The U.S. economy is now facing four serious problems. The first problem is that consumers are cutting back on spending in an effort to try and repay their loans. â€Å"Presently, consumers and banks are trying to reduce the amount of money borrowed in relation to their assets or income, a process known as de-leveraging† (Francis, 2008). This will cause a recession since consumers make up seventy percent of all spending. The inventory of unsold homes is now large, so the demand for housing and construction will be low for several years. Other businesses will also begin to reduce the production of goods in order to keep pace with the decrease in demand. The International Monetary fund is forecasting the United States’ gross domestic product to grow by just .5% in 2008 and .6% in 2009. The problem of consumer spending is actually the least of the economy’s worries. The second dilemma that the economy faces is the increase in the number of defaults on mortgage payments and consumer loans. Large quantities of consumers were purchasing homes in belief that the propertyShow MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis And Its Effects On American Economy Essay1834 Words   |  8 PagesA financial crisis involves the value of financial institutions or assets dropping rapidly. It is often associated with a panic on the banks causing investors to sell off assets or withdraw money from savings accounts. This is the result of concern that the value of those assets will drop if left at the financial institution. As the crisis intensifies there is a significant change in the amount of risk that world financial markets are willing and able to accept. 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The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreThe Crisis Of 2008 And Its Effects On The Economy1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe Crisis of 2008 has been the worst financial crisis since the devastating era of the Great Depression. The Crisis of 2008 just like the Great depression left millions of people unemployed, and homeless. After the crisis the causes were viewed like speculation, fragility of the system, and greed of the managers which adversely affected the market. The effects of a financial crisis are truly devastating to the economy, and many people that live in the country of which it occurred. 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In October 2010, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected 4.6 percent growth for the global economy in 2013; it ended up being just 3 percent. This difference may not seem like much, but in terms of lost output it is more than $800 billion, and it is

Structure and Operation Management and Business

Question: Discuss about the Structure and Operation Management and Business. Answer: Introduction This essay describes the structure and operations of the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) in Saudi Arabia, in order to describe various business theories and strategies. The essay focuses on the emergence of the organization along with the impacts of various environmental factors on the business operations of the organization. The essay also focuses on the risk management strategies of the organization along with the business practices and business model employed in the workplace of the SWCC. This in turn provides an overview of the entire organization in relation to the corresponding business theories and concepts. Emergence of the organization The Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) in Saudi Arabia was established in the year 1974, in order to tackle one of the most important global issues of shortage of drinking water and shortage of electricity. The organization was established as a government company. The organization was established with high establishment costs and capital investment for the infrastructure. All the earnings and liabilities are the sole responsibilities of the organization itself. As per the structure of a company, the SWCC has a number of shareholders along with the government. The organization is run by a board of directors responsible for taking important business decisions. The organization operates with a vision of leading the international market in sea water desalination and power production (Glendon, 2016). Impacts of the environmental factors This section of the essay focuses on the impacts of various environmental factors on the operations of the SWCC in the corresponding market. The environment of the SWCC can be defined to be of two important categories, external and internal environment. The external environment of the SWCC consists of the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that affect the operations of the organization in the corresponding market. Political factors The operations of the SWCC in Saudi Arabia is supported by the political factors as the organization is backed by the government of the country. Economic factors The economy of Saudi Arabia is stable enough to support the business operations of the SWCC. This in turn allows the SWCC to have a positive and supportive environment to carry out its business operations. Social factors The business operations of the SWCC focuses on the desalination of the sea water to produce drinking water and power, which in turn tackles one of the most important global issues of the current time. This in turn allows the organization to have a positive social image and supportive societies to carry out its business operations (Dorfman, 2012). Technological factors The societies in Saudi Arabia contain the required technologies to allow the organization to have smooth business operations. The societies in Saudi Arabia contains the required technologies for effective sea water desalination and power production. Legal factors As mentioned earlier, SWCC is a government company backed by the government, which in turn allows the legal framework of the country to support the operations of the organization (Khondaker, 2015). Porters five forces model Porters five forces allows the business operations of the organization to be analyzed in an effective manner. This section provides an overview of Porters five forces model applied to SWCC in Saudi Arabia. Threats of new entrants The threat of new entrants in the corresponding industry and market is quite low as the SWCC has been operating in the corresponding industry for a long time and the high establishment costs create a high entry barrier for the new organizations (Dorfman, 2012). Threat of substitutes The services provided by SWCC aims at the desalination of the sea water, which doesnt have ay substitutes. This in turn allows the organization to have low threat of substitutes. Competitor rivalry The support of the legal bodies and government of the country for the operations of the SWCC allows the organization to have low threat from the competitors. Supplier power and buyer power The support from the legal system and the government along with the presence of the organization in the corresponding industry for a long time, allows the organization to have low threats from supplier and buyer power as well (Glendon, 2016). Risk management As any other organization, SWCC also faces a lot of risks to its business operations in the corresponding market of operation. The Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) implements an effective risk identification and mitigation strategy to identify the risks to the business operations and mitigate them effectively (Al-Nory, 2013). Risk identification The process of risk identification allows the board of directors of SWCC to identify various risks to the business operations of the organization, based on the reports of various research teams across the entire organization. Some of the risks to the business operations of SWCC are mentioned below. Instability in the technological innovations implemented by the organization Negative impacts of the machinery on the sea water Lack of budget to carry out several new research and development activities Conflicts and differences of opinions among the employees Impacts on the health and safety of the employees in the workplace Failure in getting permissions for various research activities Risk mitigation The board of directors of the SWCC has implemented a set of effective risks mitigation strategies which mitigate different risks to the business operations of the organization in different ways. This in turn allows the business operations of the organization to be carried out efficiently. Some of the strategies implemented in the SWCC for risk mitigation are mentioned below. Risk acceptance The risks which are very low in significance and their impact on the business of the organization are accepted by the board of directors. The board of directors of SWCC accepts the risks which doesnt have significant negative impacts on the organization, which in turn allows the organization to be ready of these risks (Grant, 2016). Risk avoidance Some of the risks having significant impact on the business operations of the organization are avoided by the board of directors of SWCC. These risks are avoided on the basis of a comparison between their impacts on the organization and the costs of mitigating it. One of the examples of the risks which are avoided by the board of directors of SWCC is the research activities which are risky to the health and safety of the employees in the workplace (Khondaker, 2015). Risk limitation This strategy allows the SWCC to limit the negative impacts to certain risks by modifying the corresponding business operations of the organization. This in turn allows the organization to be ready for these risks with appropriate preparations. Risk transfer This strategy allows the SWCC to transfer certain risks to the insurance companies and third party partners in order to minimize their impacts on the business model of the organization (Ouda, 2014). This section of the essay focuses on the business practices and guidelines implemented by the SWCC in its workplace. High performance work practice system The board of directors of the SWCC implements certain business policies and guidelines as per the high-performance work practice system principles identified by Lawer and Worley in 2006 (Ouda, 2015). Even though the workplace of the SWCC is driven by the employee hierarchy in the business model, the employees of the organization have significant power in the business operations of the organization. The power in the workplace of the organization is evenly distributed among all the employees (Kajenthira, 2012). The management of SWCC always ensures that all the employees in the workplace are informed of all the updates and changes in the business processes. This is ensured through the efficient implementation of various information and communication technologies in the workplace of the SWCC (Al-Ibrahim, 2013). The management of the SWCC maintains a regular and effective training and development plan for all the employees. These training and development activities along with the frequent inclusion of the employees in the important business decisions allow the employees to be quite knowledgeable (Groissbck, 2016). The efficient rewards and recognition policies of the SWCC in the workplace allow the organization to have a motivated and efficient workforce. The rewards are provided to the efficient employees at various times along with recognizing them in public forums (Al Mallakh, 2015). Business model The SWCC is operated on the basis of its business and operational model. All the functions of the organization are divided among the various business units in the organization. The financial operations of the organization are handled by the finance team and the supply chain management of the business model is handled by the corresponding team. The organization also implements effective human resource policies along with corresponding teams for the effective management of the workforce of the organization. The organization also employs a customer relationship team for the management of customers and various stakeholders of the business operations of the organization. The organized structure of the business model allows the organization to have efficient business operations in the corresponding market (Ahmad, 2014). Conclusion The efficient business operations of the SWCC in Saudi Arabia are based on the development and implementation of various business theories and concepts. The business strategies focusing on these theories and concepts become effective enough to leverage values from the existing implementations. References Ahmad, A., Ramana, M. V. (2014). Too costly to matter: Economics of nuclear power for Saudi Arabia.Energy,69, 682-694. Al-Ibrahim, A. M. (2013). Seawater desalination: the strategic choice for Saudi Arabia.Desalination and Water Treatment,51(1-3), 1-4. Al-Nory, M. T., Graves, S. C. (2013). Water desalination supply chain modeling and optimization: case of Saudi Arabia.IDA Journal of Desalination and Water Reuse,5(2), 64-74. Al Mallakh, R., el Mallakh, R. (2015).Saudi Arabia: Rush to Development (RLE Economy of Middle East): Profile of an Energy Economy and Investment. Routledge. Dorfman, M. S., Cather, D. A. (2012).Introduction to risk management and insurance. Pearson Higher Ed. Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Grant, D. (2016). Business analysis techniques in business reengineering.Business Process Management Journal,22(1), 75-88. Groissbck, M., Pickl, M. J. (2016). An analysis of the power market in Saudi Arabia: Retrospective cost and environmental optimization.Applied Energy,165, 548-558. Kajenthira, A., Siddiqi, A., Anadon, L. D. (2012). A new case for promoting wastewater reuse in Saudi Arabia: Bringing energy into the water equation.Journal of environmental management,102, 184-192. Khondaker, A. N., Rahman, S. M., Malik, K., Hossain, N., Abdur Razzak, S., Khan, R. A. (2015). Dynamics of energy sector and GHG emissions in Saudi Arabia.Climate Policy,15(4), 517-541. Ouda, O. K. (2014). Water demand versus supply in Saudi Arabia: current and future challenges.international Journal of Water resources development,30(2), 335-344. Ouda, O. K. (2015). Domestic water demand in Saudi Arabia: assessment of desalinated water as strategic supply source.Desalination and Water Treatment,56(11), 2824-2834.

American Literature Final Exam Flashcard

American Literature Final Exam

Strategic Issues Facing the Firm

Strategic Issues Facing the Firm Peterson Fan is majorly dealing with an employee attitude problem. Employee attitude problems have a very negative impact on an organization and especially on the bottom line performance. Most often, employee attitude is attributed to poor work conditions, employee inadequacy and a lack of employee appreciation programs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Issues Facing the Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, employees at Peterson Fan are not coordinated and often show up to work late. These are clear signs of an attitude problem among employees. This is the main problem Peterson Fan faces and drastic measures need to be taken to ensure the organization doesn’t further slow down in performance and experience low profits. Firm’s Strategic Options The first option management has is to get commitment from the employees through a consultative approach. Management therefore has the du ty to explain its concerns to the employees so they may understand why it needs to change the status quo. The ideal situation in this kind of strategy would be that employees are supposed to exert some form of self-control and improve performance in the long run. This approach is better than blindly carrying out an order which the employees wouldn’t understand why its been employed. However, this strategy requires mature employees in order for it to work. In a more ideal situation, the employees should see themselves as part of the managerial hierarchy and also be positively motivated for the strategy to work. Though all these factors are not present at Peterson’s Fan, management should use this strategy because it is better than the autocratic approach of giving orders to fire all poorly behaving employees. The implication of this approach is improved employee performance in the long run. This approach is supported by social studies done by Douglas McGregor which emph asize that controls or punishment are not viable methods of solving employee problems. The second approach the management could have undertaken was motivating employees into good work performance. Motivation should however be done through many structures such as improving the work environment, increasing the pay among other methods. Management can also review its company policies to ensure they are flexible enough for the employees to feel motivated enough to work. They also need to equally review supervisory practices and hygienic conditions in addition to improving employee appreciation programs and increasing their willingness to promote them. In this manner, employees will feel there is room for growth.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The implications of this strategy may involve an internal restructuring of the company; especially if management is willing to c onsider employees as part of its management hierarchical structure. The strategy may also force the company to introduce new programs aimed at improving the motivational level of employees. Additionally, this may involve a change in leadership styles and management attitude. This strategy is also supported by the two factor theory that identifies hygiene and the need to motivate employees as some of the most important elements in improving employee attitudes. Company’s Strategy The company’s management took an authoritarian strategy of firing all poorly behaved employees without any consultations at an employee level. Theory X developed by Douglas McGregor explains this approach but it has been proved counterproductive in most modern practices. This theory is normally based on a fallacy that employees will avoid work at all costs because of their laziness and that typically, employees dislike work. The assumptions to this theory are largely false. Instead, management s hould have discussed the poor employee performance with the employees before taking any drastic measure. The confrontational approach the company took was uncalled for because they should have first probed why the employees were behaving the way they were, so as to improve their level of satisfaction in the long run. In this manner, management would have known the root of the problem. Management should therefore have made it clear to the employees what actions were wrong and which ones were acceptable. The consequences of a continuation of unacceptable behaviors should also have been openly communicated to the employees. In other words, even if management had decided to consider firing poorly performing employees, the least they could have done was to warn the employees and notify them of the consequences of a continuity of their behavior. Management should also have been straightforward with the employees and refrained from exhibiting any threatening signs. However, before coming u p with such solutions and consequences, they should have been willing to discuss their decision with all employees. This strategy is still supported by Theory Y, developed by Douglas McGregor. Conclusion The management of Peterson fan took a wrong approach. They should have adopted a consultative approach to dealing with disgruntled employees. This strategy has been proved to have better chances of success than the authoritative approach it took.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Issues Facing the Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Management’s approach is therefore not expected to yield much result in the long run because the strategy they adopted is based on false presumptions that employees are lazy and dislike work. They should have therefore discussed the problem with the employees and come up with an amicable solution.

Beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Beethoven - Essay Example Compare. The orchestras are performed in mini-sonata form. This is because the oboe and flute in both played the main melody. There is no playing of countermelody Also the orchestras end with recapitulation where fugue is maintained by all strings. The two recordings start ambitiously with one of the greatest opening movement of any symphony composed to date. The orchestras also dispense the movement with an unhurried section. The total performing time of each recording is approximately 15 to 18 minutes. The Baltimore Chamber Orchestra performance is analyzable as a prolonged symphonic form with some rondo elements. Instead of the tidiest, foursquare assortment of first time, which frequently packs it up at the selected stand and time aside for the next event; Beethoven’s symphony utilizes a thematic group wherein the same material takes on numerous distinct personalities. The development of the recordings, similar to the rest of the pieces, is characterized by remarkable rhyt hmic and harmonic tension owing to dissonant chords, as well as long passages of syncopated tempos. Most amazingly, the Baltimore Chamber Orchestra initiates a novel melody in the development part, breaking the classical tradition, which the development section simply works with present materials. The development sections of the recordings lead back into the recapitulation; particularly, the horns seem to come in early with the tonic melody whereas the strings are still playing the leading chord. The Eroica symphony is a funeral hymn in C minor accompanied by a trio in C major. It carries multiple forgets, and its somberness has led to its being utilized in public funerals. The tempos of the two recordings were slightly different with the Baltimore Chamber Orchestra is slightly faster than the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. The first passage of the Eroica symphony is a series much similar to the second phase of the Baltimore Chamber Orchestra, in that they utilize a melodic sequence , which unfolds all through the violins and winds. This begets a second and more energetic passage at the closing stages of the Baltimore Chamber Orchestra. Consider the rhythmic aspect of the melody in the Baltimore Chamber Orchestra, the team shifts this into the accompaniment and prolongs it because it interpolates three-quarter rests. The phrasing also appears to change from a beat-two orientation, witnessed through his organization to a beat-one orientation to the eighth note functions as a precursor. The curve of the Eroica symphony is actually similar, even though it is much more disjunct. In both orchestras, the finishing is a set length of variations and fugue on a subject Beethoven had formerly composed for The Creatures of Prometheus – his ballet music. Contrast. Oboe of Vienna Orchestra has a sharp sounding than Baltimore’s which penetrated through staccato. The flute that played the melody in Vienna had a varied volume and its tempo was fast. In Baltimore, the flute had equal volume and its te

To what extent do markets pose a threat to democracy Essay

To what extent do markets pose a threat to democracy - Essay Example While accepting that both the state and market perform indispensable functions in a dynamic society, social market strategies seek to expand and create new social sectors that belong to neither the competitive market nor the regulative state systems. Producer cooperatives take labor out f the market by removing corporate shares from the stock market and maintaining local worker ownership; community land trusts take land out f the market and place it under local democratic controls to serve the economic or cultural needs f communities; community finance corporations take democratic control over capital to finance cooperative firms, make investments in areas f social need, and fight the redlining policies f conventional banks. (Bruyn 1-7) To struggle for economic democracy is not to presume that social market strategies would work on a large scale if they were imposed next year on a political culture unprepared for them. The social vision f economic democracy can only take shape over t he course f several decades, as hard-won social gains and the cultivation f cooperative habits and knowledge build the groundwork for a better society. Such a project does not call for large-scale investments in any particular economic model; it does not rest upon illusions about human nature; it does not envision a transformed humanity. Niebuhr's epigrammatic justification f democracy will suffice for economic democracy: The human capacity for justice makes democracy possible, but the human inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary. Niebuhr did not deny that the human capacity for fairness is often moved by genuine feelings f compassion and solidarity, but to him it was evident that all such feelings are mixed in human nature with more selfish motives. The crucial point was that democracy is necessary precisely because virtually everyone is selfish. Because human beings are so easily corrupted by the attainment f power, Niebuhr argued, democracy is necessary as a restraint on greed and the human proclivity to dominate others. By the time he wrote the book that elaborated this argument, Niebuhr was no longer inclined to press the argument as a case for economic democracy. The Children f Light and the Children f Darkness was written in 1944, several years after Niebuhr gave up on Marxism and only a few years before he formally rejected Christian socialism. During these few years, when he tentatively held out for a socialism stripped f its Marxist illusions, he did not explore the possibilities f a politics that democratized and decentralized economic power. For Niebuhr, socialism meant economic nationalization, state economic planning, and production for use. To him, there were only three serious possibilities: free market capitalism, state socialism, and New Deal liberalism. Throughout the 1930s, while America's welfare state was being constructed, Niebuhr ridiculed and denounced it with unqualified contempt. A decade later, having renounced his Marxism, he made his peace with Roosevelt's liberal reformism and

Effectiveness of Performance Related Pay: NHS Case Study

Effectiveness of Performance Related Pay: NHS Case Study Executive Summary The following report evaluates how the aims of Performance Related Pay (PRP) schemes are underpinned by theory, focuses on how PRP theory relates to the aims and objectives of the NHS and considers how effective the current PRP policy is within the NHS with specific focus on whether the current scheme meets the needs of the current NHS organisation. The NHS has seen relative success where PRP schemes have been applied, with 51% of NHS managers recently commenting that PRP schemes in their trust had resulted in employees working harder. Although 61% of the staff involved with NHS trusts operating these schemes suggested the idea of rewarding performance was divisive and undermined the overall co-operation of its staff . The overall benefits of PRP include facilitating and implementing change in a structured manner, aligning the employees objectives with the wider goals of the organisation and introducing structured rewards in a fair fashion. Although the aims of the PRP scheme may be aligned to the business strategy, they will only succeed if the end goal is enough to motivate the individual. Within the NHS one would suggest there have to be additional concepts for performance management to focus on, such as content, departmental resource and career development for PRP schemes to be a success. When the introduction of PRP to any organisation is applied, it is supposed to encourage fairness and equality with rewards. However criticism of PRP within the NHS organisation suggests that it does not provide fairness and equality. Research has shown that the perception is that PRP benefits those in more fiscal or senior orientated roles than it does for those lower down the organisation. PRP schemes will be hard to introduce to NHS trusts where they do not already exist due to the nature of the structured role orientated pay scale and the inflexible nature of the NHS. This would be further compounded by the unionised nature of the NHS, with the unions likely to resist any move from collectivism to individualism in discussions about pay and contract conditions. Recommendations at the end of the report include consideration to the design of the scheme and how crucial this can be to the schemes future success: the need to manage PRP openly to prevent breakdown of relationships and thus prevent negative impacts on performance overall and the importance of clear management of objectives by individuals best placed to manage their teams. Evaluate how the aims of the Performance Related Payment scheme are underpinned by theory The initial concept of performance related pay (PRP) schemes were introduced as a way to reward employees for completing a specific goal. The sense of reward was expected to act as a motivator therefore the scheme was embraced with high expectations (Daniels, Macdonald, 2005:183). Assessment of organisational reward applications shows that performance is not the only way employees relate to being congratulated on doing a job well. However, it is suggested the benefit of using performance based reward systems has been in the applying of the statistical elements of the method, allowing for a clear and relatively objective means of performance measurement. (Shields, 2007:410/11). This suggests that organisations favour a method which provides a supportive conclusion with quantative evidence to back up decisions made that may favour one individual over another. Secondly the use of PRP schemes have been linked to wider business strategic plans which have sought to align the employees objectives with the wider goals of the organisation (Holbeche, 2009:219). However, performance based reward schemes have been criticised in recent years, despite becoming seen as the norm within organisational structures (Holbeche, 2009:219). Alternative applications can be rewarded through behavioural analysis in line with a set of parameters and goals. However, this method of reward has been argued as being subjective and open to abuse and interpretation (Shields, 2007:410/11). As such the use of performance management against tangible goals as a measure provides something concrete for the employee to be measured against which cannot be refuted (Shields, 2007:411). PRP schemes can however be heavily criticised when there is a belief the targets are not truly achievable (Lai, Tsui, 2009:116). Moreover there is a concern that where targets are consistently not achieved and are deemed inaccurate, the effects can be rapid demotivation with the workforce (Lai, Tsui, 2009:116). An additional aim of PRP can be the encouragement of equality and fairness, this is not that everyone should be paid the same but those that add value are rewarded appropriately in comparison to others that may not contribute to the same level. How does this theory fit into the organisations aims and objectives? The aims and objectives of the NHS centre on measureable statistics such as level of patient care, treatment times, waiting list turnover, number of patients seen and treated, level of discharged patients and sound fiscal management. These are rolled down from central government and managed by the individual NHS Trusts across the country. It is suggested that providing a tangible measure against which to be managed is a key element in the use of PRP within the NHS. The use of tangible goals means the objectives are clear and concise (Shields, 2007:410/11). Furthermore the NHS argues that the use of performance measures means there is an ownership placed onto the employee to perform to their expected level and for their manager to ensure they are learning and developing (Shields, 2007:410/11). The NHS has seen relative success where PRP schemes have been applied (Shields, 2007:411). Under these schemes the employees use individual goal setting applications, which instead of creating conflict; achieved motivation although in-depth assessment of the research found that the goal setting aspect of the measure was the most favoured element (it enabled a clear guide for the reward) the behavioural assessments were deemed subjective (Shields, 2007:411). However one might argue that whilst this may work within a public service sector environment there are contrasts within private industry. The directed use of strategic alignment can pitch departments against each other creating internalised conflict (Schienmann, 2009:142). Furthermore people can be encouraged to apply their focus in a directed way which means they stop looking at the wider picture. In doing this there is the potential to create a funnel and individuals end up working at cross purposes instead of working together (Schienmann, 2009:142). Furthermore contrasting these statistics is the idea that public sector employees see financial reward as a secondary motivator to work harder (OECD, 2005:74). This is supported by research into all public sector environments, which suggests that job content and career development are primary motivators to increase performance (OECD, 2005:74). This is supported with recent research into the NHS management structure. During questioning into applied PRP, 61% of the staff involved with NHS trusts operating these schemes suggested the idea of rewarding performance was divisive and undermined the overall co-operation of its staff (OECD, 2005:73). This was implied to be because there was a lack of team discipline and people worked as individuals. This behaviour was cited as unacceptable within an environment that made life and death choices based on teamwork (OECD, 2005:73). On the other hand the same research contradicts this idea; stating that when questioned 51% of NHS managers suggested that PRP schemes in their trust had resulted in employees working harder (OECD, 2005:74). As such one might argue that the use of performance related pay schemes only work when the individual is financially motivated, and this could be applied to all sectors, public and private. Therefore there is an argument to suggest that although the aims of the PRP scheme may be aligned to the business strategy they will only succeed if the end goal is enough to motivate the individual. Within the NHS one would suggest there have to be additional concepts for performance management to focus on such as content, departmental resource and career development. Although the theory of PRP may be applicable, the practice does not necessarily translate into a high performing team. Critically Evaluate the Effectiveness of this Scheme One might debate the effectiveness of the performance related pay schemes within the NHS depending on the expected outcome. It is assumed that the expectation within employee groups from the introduction of PRP is increased morale and improved performance which therefore increases operational output (Lai, Tsui, 2009:116). Yet it should also be considered that the scheme can be used as a method to employ goal setting policy within an establishment where this has not been done before. Research suggests that the introduction of PRP validates the implementation of goal setting within public sector environments regardless of motivational output (OECD, 2005:76).This could be considered a significant benefit of the application of PRP within a wider assessment of the scheme. Furthermore the implementation of PRP provides the opportunity to redefine established organisational performance norms (OECD, 2005:76) and allow the NHS the advantage of being able to implement change in a structured manner. However it can also be argued that change in itself carries the potential for overall internalised threat (Huston, Marquis, 2008:178). Research suggests that when not welcomed, change has the ability to inject conflict into the organisational structure (Huston, Marquis, 2008:178). This means the focus moves away from the primary strategic aim. Moreover, conflict can send negativity around the workplace, ensuring non-compliance, and removing any degree of support for any performance based schemes (Huston, Marquis, 2008:178). Unfortunately it would appear the scale for conflict is high within the NHS when PRP is discussed. If the trust is considered as a business organisation the application of PRP means that pay adjustments can be applied in a measured way which can therefore become a strength (OECD, 2005:76). However, this means the counter argument becomes a weakness from the employees perspective (OECD, 2005:76). As such one would argue that changing to a PRP scheme will reduce the involvement of the trade unions because the focus moves from collectivism to individualism as a discipline (Gall, 2003:13). This could be seen as a weakness because unlike privatised industry the NHS environment is cited as being more static with less flexibility between positions and employee expectations (Gall, 2003:13). It is suggested that the termination of the collectivism power would leave NHS staff negotiating for contracts in the same way private industry do. This leaves the employees open to increased discrimination between financial rewards at the same grade levels. This is seen with the introduction of flexible working hours for employees, which effectively abolishes the overtime model for staff, and the theory implies that staff would no longer be financially compensated for working additional hours over their standard agreed contract rate (OECD, 2005:76). On the other hand the introduction of flexible working is defended as necessary within modern society. As such this implies that the change in financial application by moving to PRP incentives should not be seen as a weakness but a strength or opportunity to open the job market up to new applicants. Moreover research suggests that the use of performance related pay within the NHS environment provides a recruitment incentive and improves staff retention in the long term (OECD, 2005:76). Conclude whether the scheme meets the needs of the organisation One might argue that the introduction of PRP to any organisation is applied to encourage fairness and equality with rewards (Redman, Wilkinson, 2009:160). However criticism of PRP within the NHS organisation suggests that it does not provide fairness and equality with its rewards (Abel, Esmail, 2006). Research suggests that although PRP is adopted, there are inherent weaknesses in the application of the initiative and previous discriminations against gender and ethnicity remain prevalent despite the results of performance based measures (Abel, Esmail, 2006). This is further supported with a government review of the NHS performance review process. This research found a large number of consultants who voiced their concerns over both racial and gender discrimination within the PRP, however they also suggested discrimination based on their medical specialism and the degree to which the individual contributed towards management decisions existed alongside traditional discriminations (Abel, Esmail, 2006). Thus one may suggest that the performance reviews favoured those who worked in more high profile specialisms, which could provide additional funding. On the flip side of this discussion however is the consideration that those lower in the organisational structure would welcome the opportunity for performance based pay rewards in order to grow their roles and develop their careers. However this research implies their performance is isolated in comparison to that which benefits the wider business model needs. In recent research conducted in this area it was concluded that incentive polices such as PRP have provided a positive knock on effect where quality and safety are concerned. This point is interesting as in an environment such as nursing, one would have assumed quality of care and safety are principle fundamentals of patient expectations. However performance is massively improved when the employee is offered additional reward for reaching targets in these fields (Kurtzman et al, 2011). The research however goes on to suggest that the use of incentive schemes place an increased burden and creates a blame culture for nurses without addressing the infra-structure needs that the NHS trusts require to meet the targets set for them, This shows that the adaptation of PRP can be seen as being a double edged sword within the NHS system (Kurtzman et al, 2011). Report Conclusion The research appears to suggest that the performance based incentive schemes meet the base needs of the NHS as they make the basic principles of nursing happen in accordance with expectations. However an incentive scheme such as PRP cannot overcome the lack of adequate environment, staffing levels and low salary level. As such this implies that performance based pay does not work as a motivator for the existing workforce. Neither would one conclude that it works as a recruitment incentive as was previously suggested. Instead the implication is that the use of performance based incentive schemes means that those with power can continue to reward those they single out for success, whilst the remainder of the workplace organisation are left to manage with inadequate environments in which to meet the targets they are given. One might determine an outcome borne from two potential directions. In one case if the NHS is seen as an organisational structure and not as a public service, the use of PRP may be seen as successful. As a scheme this allows management to reward those individuals who are benefiting the NHS. From within this it can be assumed the discrimination that occurs is justified. However on the other side if the NHS is viewed as a public service with its key members being the front line staff, one would have to conclude that PRP does not benefit the needs of the organisation. Nursing graduates are decreasing in numbers; the vocation is increasingly seen as a difficult environment with insufficient financial reward and high expectations (Chitty, 2005:36). Following these arguments one would have to conclude that the use of a PRP scheme would provide the NHS with specific benefits when linked into an open environment which supported fairness and equality. However the current organisational structure of the NHS is not conducive to producing the environment needed to make this ideology successful. Instead work is perhaps needed with the basic infrastructure of the NHS organisation before additional performance plans will be able to achieve the required outcome for the operation. Recommendations for the management of PRP within the NHS There are several recommendations to be made for the management of pay within the NHS. These are as follows; Design of the scheme When PRP schemes are adopted, the design of them is crucial to their success and application (Redman, Wilkinson, 2009:134). Not only is it necessary to consider what will work for the majority of the workforce, but it is also vital to link the work of the individual into the wider team dynamic (OECD, 2005:86). As such when incentive schemes are applied, the link between teamwork and the individual is necessary in order to ensure a performance measure that involves the wider strategic picture of the organisation (OECD, 2005:86). In the case of the NHS this would be rectified through adapting some of the schemes considered elitist and improving some of the base working conditions which affect a wider degree of the working population. One would assume this will improve morale and create a workforce that wants to achieve targets and attain performance rewards. Communication When introducing performance related ideology the implementation has to be anticipated and managed openly (OECD, 2005:86). When relationships break down internally the need for consolidated teamwork becomes harder, this affects all forms of performance (Redman, Wilkinson, 2009:134). Within the NHS business model this argument is applied especially when managing trade union relationships (OECD, 2005:86), especially because this sector is driven by collective bargaining Furthermore this is particularly relevant because the core competencies of the roles have to be the same within the medical profession. The hierarchy has to be clearly defined by actual role competencies which enable staggered payments. Therefore performance based payment becomes harder to manage because each level should work at the same rate. Moreover this suggests the link between performance based pay and goal setting is vital in ensuring that employees are enabled to achieve and maintain their goals within fair and attainable means (OCED, 2005:87). Measurable Objectives Within the NHS organisational model one would assume targets for performance will centre on measureable statistics such as treatment times, waiting list turnover, number of patients seen and treated, level of discharged patients. These provide clear and measureable targets for people to meet and the measure is quantitative therefore enabling a degree of concise clarity to the measure. However research shows that providing clear statistical measures within the NHS model results in internalised pressure which manifests through the lower ranks (Kurtzman et al, 2011). Therefore one would argue this supports the need to correct the basic infrastructure within the organisations, prior to implementing reward schemes for employees. Management of Objectives When applied, the goals provided must be clearly managed by team leaders within the confines of the department or ward. This means the head medical staff responsible for these staff members have to take on a level of responsibility for managing their team as well as coping with their medical expectations. One might argue this is especially difficult within the NHS model and compounds the issue of burden and blame as medical professionals find themselves having to become more like managers (Kurtzman et al, 2011). This is known to be a contentious argument for medical professionals who chose their roles as vocations (Kurtzman et al, 2011). Stimulate Change Research suggests that performance related incentives should be used as a way to stimulate and introduce change into organisational structures (Redman, Wilkinson, 2009:135). This can be achieved through challenging the status quo and looking at new ways to manage (OECD, 2005:89). It could therefore be supported that the introduction of performance related pay into NHS trust models is applicable. As an observer one may assume the NHS organisational model has not particularly been challenged in decades, thus this strategy enables a fresh way of adapting new methods.

The Physics of CDs and DVDs :: Media Entertainment Movies Technology Essays

The Physics of CDs and DVDs Everywhere you look now days, you see or interact with CDs or DVDs; whether it is in the car, at work, or at home for pleasure, you deal with these modern marvels. Whatever the use, CD has become a reliable medium in which to distribute information, in a reliable way. The cost of a CD is very inexpensive, making it a popular choice by companies trying to advertise, or teach you about something. American On Line (AOL) is one example of companies who have chose this reliable source for communication. CD is the abbreviation for compact disk; DVD is the abbreviation for digital video disk or digital versatile disk. The difference between the two is the CD is audio, and the DVD is audio and visual. The objective of this paper is to help you to understand the physics surrounding the CD and DVD. The main focus of this paper is to inform the reader of all the things that take place when you watch a movie on a DVD player, starting with the CD itself. The laser reads the CD and converts i t to the final product of what we see and hear. Most CDs are made from polycarbonate plastic. This polycarbonate is a tough material that helps to prevent scratching. Scratching of a CD causes the laser, which reads the spiral data, to jump off track, allowing the CD to skip around and to distort whatever you are watching or listening to. According to How Things Work, A CD is a fairly simple piece of plastic, about four one-hundredths (4/100) of an inch (1.2 mm) thick. Most of a CD consists of an injection-molded piece of clear polycarbonate plastic. During manufacturing, this plastic is impressed with microscopic bumps arranged as a single, continuous, extremely long spiral track of data. Once the clear piece of polycarbonate is formed, a thin, reflective aluminum layer is sputtered onto the disc, covering the bumps. Then a thin acrylic layer is sprayed over the aluminum to protect it. (Brian 1) After that, you have a final product called a CD. Often, you will hear about bumps on a CD. These bumps are what the laser reads. They are also sometimes referred to as pits. Bumps and pits are the same thing; it just depends on what side of the CD you are looking at. The Physics of CDs and DVDs :: Media Entertainment Movies Technology Essays The Physics of CDs and DVDs Everywhere you look now days, you see or interact with CDs or DVDs; whether it is in the car, at work, or at home for pleasure, you deal with these modern marvels. Whatever the use, CD has become a reliable medium in which to distribute information, in a reliable way. The cost of a CD is very inexpensive, making it a popular choice by companies trying to advertise, or teach you about something. American On Line (AOL) is one example of companies who have chose this reliable source for communication. CD is the abbreviation for compact disk; DVD is the abbreviation for digital video disk or digital versatile disk. The difference between the two is the CD is audio, and the DVD is audio and visual. The objective of this paper is to help you to understand the physics surrounding the CD and DVD. The main focus of this paper is to inform the reader of all the things that take place when you watch a movie on a DVD player, starting with the CD itself. The laser reads the CD and converts i t to the final product of what we see and hear. Most CDs are made from polycarbonate plastic. This polycarbonate is a tough material that helps to prevent scratching. Scratching of a CD causes the laser, which reads the spiral data, to jump off track, allowing the CD to skip around and to distort whatever you are watching or listening to. According to How Things Work, A CD is a fairly simple piece of plastic, about four one-hundredths (4/100) of an inch (1.2 mm) thick. Most of a CD consists of an injection-molded piece of clear polycarbonate plastic. During manufacturing, this plastic is impressed with microscopic bumps arranged as a single, continuous, extremely long spiral track of data. Once the clear piece of polycarbonate is formed, a thin, reflective aluminum layer is sputtered onto the disc, covering the bumps. Then a thin acrylic layer is sprayed over the aluminum to protect it. (Brian 1) After that, you have a final product called a CD. Often, you will hear about bumps on a CD. These bumps are what the laser reads. They are also sometimes referred to as pits. Bumps and pits are the same thing; it just depends on what side of the CD you are looking at.

Population & The Environment Essay

Discussions regarding the environmental impact of increasing population densities across the globe never lose their currency. From Thomas Malthus to Paul R. Erlich and onwards, there is a persistent concern that a growing international population may not only reach a tipping point in which the planet’s ability to provide for it is stretched to its limit, but begin to experience detrimental effects in the form of environmental problems. This concern is not simply a matter of numbers, but a matter of how industrial civilizations have consistently failed to curtail anthropogenic impacts. As Donella Meadows (199) opines, â€Å"not only are there so many more of us, but each of us is bigger† when one measures the amount of energy and material we use and the amount of pollutants and waste created by the industries we have created to support our energy and material use. In effect, â€Å"The number of people is not what degrades the earth; it’s the number of people times the flow of energy and material each person commands. † One of the most frequently cited means by which highly dense populations negatively impact the environment is through intense car use. Alex Steffen (2008) notes that intensive car use within a finite geographic territory is not only a massive contributor to greenhouse emissions that are warming the planet, but they also command a large amount of resource use through the inputs necessary to maintain highway infrastructure, build the actual cars and fuel them. Granted, the resource consumption and greenhouse emissions caused directly by private automobile ownership is absolutely no surprise to anyone, but the less obvious implication that Steffen reports is that exhaust emissions are only a fraction of the environmental impact of the automobile. Over the course of the mid-20th century onwards, the increasing prominence of the automobile as part of modern living has necessitated the construction of massive highway infrastructure. The result is that when you factor dense populations with intense private ownership and use of automobiles is that not only is there a massive amount of greenhouse emissions, but the amount of pavement this infrastructure commands can contribute significantly to the heat island effect which has become a concern among urban planners as of late. Heat islands not only increase the amount of energy expended on indoor air conditioning, but they can worsen air quality. (Steffen, 2008) As such, Steffen argues that no matter the great lengths that today’s automobile manufacturers go to in order to make their automobiles into shiny fuel-efficient emissions-reduced green things to sate the eco-minded consumer, it will not be enough to remediate environmental impacts brought about by car use. Take for example the push towards biofuels, which is essentially, a push for auto manufacturers, in collaboration with energy companies, to make automobiles that run on renewable agricultural products that emit a reduced amount of greenhouse gases. While there is much fuss in the mainstream press about the extent to which the biofuel industry is cannibalizing the food supply, a more overlooked concern is the manner in which the expansion of industrial agriculture to such a massive scale negatively impacts the environment. Simply put, the principal concern is not the ability of agriculture to feed populations, but rather how the expansion of the food supply, combined with the accommodations made for biofuels, has a deleterious effect on the environment. Manning (85-89) notes that the homogenous and unsustainable approach of industrialized corn-based agriculture is detrimental to the health of the soil. As such, there is a possibility that the massive conversion of lands towards the production of corn could recreate the conditions of The Great Dust Bowl, a period in the American heartland which saw hundreds of thousands of would-be wheat farmers plow the soil to death to profit from golden grain. Thus, as civilizations increase in population density, so too do their demands in food and automobile use, effectively exerting a greater toll on the planet’s natural environment. In any case, we must be mindful to remember that the problems inherent with a massive human population should not lead us to conclude that humans have no ecologically acceptable place in the planet. Humanity is not a virus on the operating system of the planet. Rather, what human society should begin to acknowledge is that it must begin to take a more comprehensive look at its impacts in order to correct them thoroughly. REFERENCES Meadows, Donella. â€Å"The Deep Six. † Grist. 12 October 1999. Retrieved online on March 14, 2009 from: http://www. grist. org/comments/citizen/1999/10/12/deep/index. html Steffen, Alex. â€Å"My Other Car is a Bright Green City. † Worldchanging. 23 January 2008. Retrieved online on March 14, 2009 from: http://www. worldchanging. com/archives/007800. html Manning, Richard. Against the Grain: How Agriculture Has Hijacked Civilization. New York: North Point Press, 2004.

The Unacceptable Act of Child Abuse - 887 Words

Abusing Children is Cruelty and is Never Acceptable It goes without saying that any child who has not reached the age of adulthood yet needs to be treated with care, love, and understanding. Abusing children is acceptable under no circumstances because abusing them not only violates their human rights and dignity but also puts them at greater risk since psychological effects of abusing children may be much higher than the effects of abusing adults (though neither is acceptable). However, this simple principle of respecting childrens immature mental state and their innocence has been historically ignored. As a result, human beings, including immediate family members, have practiced horrific ways of child abuse. Until human beings realize that children are at the age where no abuse is acceptable and embrace this principle with their hearts and souls, abusing of children unfortunately will continue. In a New York Times article, dated 22 November 1987, a reporter quotes a program director of the Child Protective Services of the Department of Social Services, saying that the higher number of child abuses resulted from a tremendous amount of stress parents suffered from, because, America she said, had become a very mobile society as a result leading to great difficulties in a parents expectations of his childs capabilities (Tessa, 1987). In my opinion, that was a disingenuous statement. Moreover, it sounds like an attempt to sympathize with abusive parents and layShow MoreRelatedExample of Professional Ethics1200 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Ethics John Smith, MD, a psychiatrist in private practice, has 70% of his clients who have physically, mentally, or sexually abused their children. Dr. Smith refuses to report the child abuse stated by his clients to authorities or, even, mention the abuse in patient files. 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